Professional Investor

A professional client is presumed by law to possess the experience, knowledge, and expertise necessary to make their own investment decisions and properly assess the risks incurred. It involves:

• Entities that are required to be authorized or regulated to operate in financial markets:
  • Credit institutions;
  • Investment firms;
  • Other authorized or regulated financial institutions;
  • Insurance companies;
  • Collective investment schemes and their management companies;
  • Pension funds and their management companies;
  • Commodity dealers and derivative instruments thereon;
  • Local firms;
  • Other institutional investors;
• Large companies meeting two of the following criteria on an individual level:
  • Total balance sheet: EUR 20,000,000;
  • Net turnover: EUR 40,000,000;
  • Equity on the balance sheet: EUR 2,000,000;
• National and regional governments, including public bodies managing public debt at national or regional level, central banks, international and supranational institutions such as the World Bank, IMF, ECB, EIB, and other similar international organizations;
• Other institutional investors whose main activity is to invest in financial instruments, including entities dealing with asset securitization or other financing operations.